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Pyrolysis and upgrading (biodiesel)

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Technology Description

In pyrolysis, biomass is heated in the absence of oxygen and decomposes into bio-oil and biochar. Fast pyrolysis (on the order of seconds) of dry biomass (up to 10% moisture content) is typically used to produce an output that is mostly bio-oil. Once produced, the pyrolysis bio-oil can then be refined to higher quality fuels such as diesel via standard petroleum refining units (fluid catalytic crackers, hydrocrackers). The bio-oil can be co-fed into refineries with crude fossil-based oil.

Relevance for Net Zero

There are alternative biofuels available at higher TRL.

Key Countries

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