Battery electric urban transit bus

Electric buses uses batteries (today almost exclusively Li-ion batteries) arranged in a battery pack. The battery pack is combined with inverters and an electric motor to convert electrical energy provided by the batteries into mechanical energy. Transit buses require either devoted infrastructure (e.g., battery swapping) or high-energy density battery chemistries (e.g., solid-state batteries, currently (2023) at the prototype level) to be competitive. Urban buses have lower requirements thanks to recurrent stops in predefined locations.