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Torrefaction (high temperature heating)
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Technology Description
Biomass can be converted to a coal-like material through torrefaction, in which biomass is heated to temperatures in the range of 200 °C to 400 °C in the absence of oxygen. The 'bio-coal' has characteristics more similar to coal than the original biomass, and thus could be used in various industrial processes where higher quality fuels are needed.
Relevance for Net Zero
Biomass can play an important role in reducing emissions from industrial heat requirements. However, limitations on sustainable biomass availability and competition from other sectors will put an upper limit on its potential.
Key Countries
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