High temperature proton exchange membrane
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Technology Description
High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC) have low sensitivity to impurities, thus being able to run with LNG, methanol, diesel and hydrogen after an external reforming stage. The operational temperature is 150-200 °C and these HT-PEMFC have an efficiency of 50-60%. They have a moderate cost (compared to other fuel cell technologies for maritime applications), and can have modules of up to 30 kW of power. There is uncertainty regarding their lifetime, http://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/publications/alternative-fuel-assessment-download.html.
Due to limited power output, this technology is likely to be used preferably for small and medium vessels, as currently proven by the ongoing demonstrations.
Relevance for Net Zero
Fuel cells have higher energy efficiency than internal combustion maritime engines - though the gap is not as high as it is in the case of road vehicles - and do not emit pollutants.
High temperature proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can work with several fuels and thus provide flexibility to ship operators, but are expensive due to the rare materials in the membrane.
Their limited power density is challenging for long-distance routes, making this technology more suited to short- and medium-distance vessels.
Key Countries
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